![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The Macedonians weren’t always a force to be reckoned with. The Macedonian Phalanx, a rectangular infantry formation, was developed by Philip II of Macedon and used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer other armies. Philip II Left Alexander the Great a Fierce Army But it was Alexander’s genius as a leader and battlefield strategist that secured his victory against an imposing adversary deep in enemy territory. His undermanned defeat of the Persian King Darius III at the Battle of Gaugamela is seen as one of the decisive turning points of human history, unseating the Persians as the greatest power in the ancient world and spreading Hellenistic culture across a vast new empire.Īlexander owed a tremendous debt to his father for leaving him a world-class army led by experienced and loyal generals. Tutored in his youth by Aristotle and trained for battle by his father, Philip II, Alexander the Great grew to become a powerful imperialist. But Persia’s rule as a dominant empire would finally be brought to an end by a brilliant military and political strategist, Alexander the Great.Īlexander III was born in 356 B.C. One of history’s first true super powers, the Persian Empire stretched from the borders of India down through Egypt and up to the northern borders of Greece. For more than two centuries, the Achaemenid Empire of Persia ruled the Mediterranean world. ![]()
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